1. Chemical Reactions and Equations
Content:
Introduction to chemical reactions, writing chemical equations, balancing
equations, types of chemical reactions (combination, decomposition,
displacement, double displacement, oxidation reduction).
Objective:
To understand the nature of chemical reactions and learn how to represent them
through chemical equations.
2. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Content:
Properties of acids and bases, pH scale, reactions of acids and bases,
preparation and properties of salts, importance of pH in daily life.
Objective:
To study the chemical properties and reactions of acids, bases, and salts and
their applications in everyday life.
3. Metals and NonMetals
Content:
Physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals, reactivity series,
extraction of metals, corrosion, alloys.
Objective:
To explore the differences between metals and nonmetals and understand their
chemical behaviors and uses.
4. Carbon and its Compounds
Content:
Bonding in carbon compounds, covalent bonds, versatile nature of carbon,
homologous series, functional groups, nomenclature, properties of alcohols,
carboxylic acids, and hydrocarbons.
Objective:
To understand the uniqueness of carbon and the wide variety of compounds it
forms, especially organic compounds.
5. Life Processes
Content:
Basic concepts of nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion in
plants and animals.
Objective:
To learn about the fundamental life processes that are essential for the
survival of living organisms.
6.
Control and Coordination
Content:
The nervous system, hormones in animals, coordination in plants, and movement
in response to stimuli.
Objective:
To study how organisms control and coordinate various activities through the
nervous system and hormones.
7. How
Do Organisms Reproduce?
Content:
Modes of reproduction in organisms, sexual and asexual reproduction,
reproductive health, and the importance of reproductive strategies.
Objective:
To understand the processes involved in the reproduction of organisms and the
significance of reproduction for survival.
8. Heredity and Evolution
Content:
Mendel’s laws of inheritance, sex determination, evolutionary concepts, and
evidence of evolution.
Objective:
To explore how traits are passed from one generation to another and the process
of evolution in species.
9. Light: Reflection and
Refraction
Content:
Laws of reflection and refraction, image formation by spherical mirrors and
lenses, magnification, power of lenses, and optical instruments.
Objective:
To study the properties of light and its behavior when it interacts with
different surfaces and media.
10. Human Eye and the Colourful
World
Content:
Structure and function of the human eye, defects of vision and their
correction, refraction of light through a prism, dispersion, scattering of
light, and atmospheric refraction.
Objective:
To understand the working of the human eye and the optical phenomena
responsible for the formation of colors in nature.
11. Electricity
Content:
Electric current, potential difference, Ohm’s law, resistance, factors
affecting resistance, series and parallel circuits, heating effect of electric
current, and electric power.
Objective:
To understand the basic concepts of electricity and learn how electric circuits
function.
12.
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Content:
Magnetic field and its properties, electromagnets, electromagnetic induction,
Fleming’s rules, and the working of electric generators and motors.
Objective:
To study the relationship between electricity and magnetism and how they are
applied in various devices.
13. Our
Environment
Content:
Ecosystems, food chains, energy flow, waste management, and the environmental
impact of human activities.
Objective:
To create awareness of environmental issues and the importance of sustainable
living practices.
