1. Introduction to Economics

    Content: This chapter introduces the basic concepts of economics, including definitions, scope, and significance. It covers the fundamental problem of scarcity and the need for economic decisionmaking. The chapter also explains key economic terms and concepts such as goods, services, and factors of production.

    Objective: To provide students with a foundational understanding of economics and its relevance in addressing scarcity and making choices.

2. Consumer Theory

    Content: Focuses on consumer behavior and the theory of utility. It covers concepts such as total utility, marginal utility, and the law of diminishing marginal utility. The chapter also explores consumer equilibrium and the concept of indifference curves.

    Objective: To explain how consumers make choices based on their preferences and budget constraints, and to analyze the impact of changes in income and prices on consumer behavior.

3. Theory of Demand

    Content: Discusses the law of demand, factors affecting demand, and the concept of demand elasticity. It covers the demand curve, shifts in demand, and the relationship between price and quantity demanded.

    Objective: To understand how demand is influenced by price and other factors, and to analyze the responsiveness of demand to changes in price.

4. Theory of Production and Costs

    Content: Covers the production process, factors of production, and the concept of production functions. It includes shortrun and longrun production, economies of scale, and cost concepts such as fixed, variable, total, average, and marginal costs.

    Objective: To provide insights into how businesses produce goods and services, and how production and cost decisions impact business efficiency and profitability.

5. Market Structures

    Content: Examines different types of market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. The chapter covers the characteristics of each market structure and their implications for pricing and output.

    Objective: To analyze how different market structures affect competition, pricing, and business strategy.

6. Theory of Factor Pricing

    Content: Focuses on how factors of production (land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship) are priced in the market. It includes the determination of factor prices, the marginal productivity theory, and income distribution.

    Objective: To understand how factor prices are determined and how income is distributed among the factors of production.

7. Introduction to Macroeconomics

    Content: Introduces the concepts of macroeconomics, including national income, aggregate demand and supply, and the circular flow of income. The chapter also discusses macroeconomic goals such as economic growth, full employment, and price stability.

    Objective: To provide an overview of macroeconomic concepts and how they relate to the overall economy.

8. Money and Banking

    Content: Covers the role of money in the economy, types of money, and the functions of the banking system. It includes topics such as the creation of money, monetary policy, and the role of central banks.

    Objective: To understand the function of money, the operation of the banking system, and the impact of monetary policy on the economy.

9. Public Finance

    Content: Discusses government revenue and expenditure, budgeting, and fiscal policy. The chapter covers taxation, public debt, and the role of public finance in economic stability and development.

    Objective: To analyze how government financial activities affect the economy and to understand the principles of fiscal policy.

10. Economic Development and Planning

     Content: Focuses on the concepts of economic development and planning. It covers indicators of development, strategies for economic development, and the role of planning in achieving developmental goals.

     Objective: To understand the process of economic development, the factors influencing development, and the role of planning in promoting growth and reducing inequalities.

11. International Economics

     Content: Examines international trade, trade policies, and the balance of payments. It includes topics such as trade theories, tariffs, quotas, and the impact of globalization on trade.

     Objective: To understand the dynamics of international trade and the effects of trade policies on national and global economies.

12. Development Economics

     Content: Covers theories and policies related to economic development. It includes topics such as sustainable development, poverty, inequality, and the role of institutions in development.

     Objective: To explore various aspects of economic development, including challenges and strategies for achieving sustainable and inclusive growth.