1. The Living World

 Content: Introduction to living organisms, biodiversity, taxonomic categories, classification, and nomenclature.

 Objective: Understand the characteristics of living organisms, the need for classification, and how to classify and name species.

 2. Biological Classification

 Content: Five kingdoms of classification (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia), viruses, viroids, and lichens.

 Objective: Learn how organisms are classified based on structure and function and study the role of microorganisms.

 3. Plant Kingdom

 Content: Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, their characteristics, and reproduction.

 Objective: Study the classification of plants and understand their structure, reproduction, and lifecycle.

 4. Animal Kingdom

 Content: Classification of animals into nonchordates and chordates, characteristics, and examples of each group.

 Objective: Learn about the diversity of animals, their classification, and their key features.

 5. Morphology of Flowering Plants

 Content: External structure of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, and their modifications.

 Objective: Understand the external morphology of flowering plants and their adaptations to different environments.

 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants

 Content: Internal structure of tissues in roots, stems, leaves, and secondary growth in plants.

 Objective: Learn about the internal organization of plant tissues and how plants grow and develop.

 7. Structural Organization in Animals

 Content: Study of tissues, organ systems, and types of cells in animals.

 Objective: Understand the structure and function of animal tissues and how they organize into organs and systems.

 8. Cell: The Unit of Life

 Content: Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell organelles, and plasma membrane.

 Objective: Study the structure and functions of cells and organelles, the basic building blocks of life.

 9. Biomolecules

 Content: Types of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids), enzymes, and their roles in metabolism.

 Objective: Understand the chemical composition of cells and the role of biomolecules in cell functions.

 10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division

 Content: Phases of the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and their significance in growth and reproduction.

 Objective: Learn about the process of cell division and how it contributes to growth, repair, and reproduction in organisms.

 11. Transport in Plants

 Content: Mechanisms of transport (diffusion, osmosis), water and mineral absorption, and translocation of nutrients.

 Objective: Understand the transport processes in plants and the movement of water, nutrients, and food.

 12. Mineral Nutrition

 Content: Essential minerals, their roles, deficiency symptoms, and the nitrogen cycle.

 Objective: Learn about the importance of mineral nutrients in plant growth and metabolism.

 13. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

 Content: Photosynthetic pigments, light and dark reactions, the Calvin cycle, and factors affecting photosynthesis.

 Objective: Study the process of photosynthesis and how plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

 14. Respiration in Plants

 Content: Glycolysis, fermentation, aerobic respiration, and the Krebs cycle.

 Objective: Learn how plants break down glucose to release energy through respiration.

 15. Plant Growth and Development

 Content: Growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins), seed dormancy, and germination.

 Objective: Study how plants grow and develop, and the role of plant hormones in controlling these processes.

 16. Digestion and Absorption

 Content: Human digestive system, digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and role of enzymes.

 Objective: Understand the structure and function of the human digestive system and how food is broken down and absorbed.

 17. Breathing and Exchange of Gases

 Content: Human respiratory system, mechanism of breathing, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

 Objective: Learn the process of respiration in humans and how gases are exchanged in the lungs and tissues.

 18. Body Fluids and Circulation

 Content: Composition of blood, blood groups, human heart, cardiac cycle, blood pressure, and lymphatic system.

 Objective: Understand the circulatory system, including the heart, blood vessels, and the transportation of nutrients and waste.

 19. Excretory Products and Their Elimination

 Content: Human excretory system, formation of urine, and regulation of kidney function.

 Objective: Study the process of excretion and how the body removes waste products.

 20. Locomotion and Movement

 Content: Types of movements, structure of muscle, and skeletal system in humans.

 Objective: Learn about the muscular and skeletal systems and how they facilitate movement.

 21. Neural Control and Coordination

 Content: Structure of neurons, human nervous system, transmission of nerve impulses, and reflex actions.

 Objective: Understand the nervous system and how it controls and coordinates body functions.

 22. Chemical Coordination and Integration

 Content: Endocrine glands and hormones, functions of hormones in regulating bodily processes.

 Objective: Study the role of hormones and how the endocrine system controls body functions.