1. Earth Movements

    Content: Study of the different types of earth movements, such as tectonic movements, earthquakes, and volcanic activities, along with their causes and effects.

    Objective: To understand how internal forces shape the earth's surface, leading to the formation of various landforms and natural phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.

 2. Weathering and Mass Wasting

    Content: Examination of the processes of weathering (physical, chemical, and biological) and mass wasting (landslides, soil erosion), and their impact on the earth's surface.

    Objective: To explore how weathering and mass wasting contribute to landscape changes and the gradual breakdown of rocks and soil.

 3. Agents of Erosion

    Content: Analysis of the major agents of erosion—water, wind, glaciers, and waves—and how they shape various landforms like valleys, dunes, and coastal features.

    Objective: To understand the processes of erosion and deposition and their role in constantly modifying the earth's surface.

 4. Climatic Regions

    Content: Study of the world's major climatic regions, including tropical, temperate, polar, and arid zones, and how climate affects human activities and ecosystems.

    Objective: To explore the distribution of different climates around the world and their influence on agriculture, human settlements, and ecosystems.

 5. Global Climate Change

    Content: Overview of global climate change, its causes (greenhouse gases, deforestation), effects (rising temperatures, sea levels), and the role of human activities in accelerating the process.

    Objective: To understand the causes and consequences of climate change and to raise awareness about the importance of sustainable environmental practices.

 6. Ocean Resources

    Content: Study of the resources available in the oceans, such as fisheries, minerals, and energy resources (oil, gas), and the economic importance of oceans.

    Objective: To understand the significance of oceans as a vital resource for human activities and the need for conservation and sustainable management of ocean resources.

 7. Indian Ocean  Relief and Strategic Importance

    Content: Examination of the physical relief (underwater features) of the Indian Ocean and its strategic importance in global trade, geopolitics, and security.

    Objective: To explore the role of the Indian Ocean in global maritime trade routes and its geopolitical significance for India and neighboring countries.

 8. Biomes

    Content: Study of the world’s major biomes (tundra, desert, rainforest, savanna), focusing on their characteristics, flora and fauna, and the human activities within them.

    Objective: To analyze the distribution of biomes and how they support diverse ecosystems, contributing to the biodiversity of the planet.

 9. Disaster Management

    Content: Exploration of natural and manmade disasters (earthquakes, floods, cyclones, industrial accidents), and strategies for disaster prevention, preparedness, and recovery.

    Objective: To understand the causes of various disasters and to equip students with knowledge about effective disaster management and mitigation practices.

 10. Practicals

    Content: Practical geography exercises, such as map reading, field surveys, and data interpretation related to topics like physical geography, climate, and population distribution.

    Objective: To develop practical skills in geographical analysis through handson activities, enhancing students' understanding of theoretical concepts.