1.   The State 

       Content  : Definition and characteristics of the state, its elements (population, territory, government, sovereignty), and the role of the state in society.

       Objective  : To understand the concept of the state, its functions, and the importance of the state in maintaining law, order, and governance.

    2.   Liberty and Rights 

       Content  : Exploration of the concepts of liberty and rights, including civil, political, economic, and social rights, along with the distinction between positive and negative liberty.

       Objective  : To examine the significance of individual freedoms and rights, and the balance between personal liberty and societal interests.

    3.   Equality and Justice 

       Content  : Study of the principles of equality and justice, focusing on different types of equality (political, social, economic) and theories of justice.

       Objective  : To develop an understanding of the role of equality and justice in creating a fair and equitable society.

    4.   Constitutional Government 

       Content  : Overview of constitutional government, the role of a constitution, and the principles of constitutionalism such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and checks and balances.

       Objective  : To understand the structure and functioning of constitutional governments and the importance of constitutional safeguards in democracy.

    5.   Concept of Representation 

       Content  : Analysis of the concept of political representation, including different types of representation (direct and indirect) and the role of elections in democratic systems.

       Objective  : To explore how citizens are represented in government and the importance of fair and free elections in maintaining a democratic system.

    6.   Role of the Judiciary 

       Content  : Examination of the role of the judiciary in interpreting laws, protecting rights, and ensuring justice through judicial review and independence.

       Objective  : To appreciate the role of the judiciary in upholding the rule of law and maintaining checks and balances in a democratic system.

    7.   Public Administration 

       Content  : Introduction to public administration, its functions, and its role in implementing government policies and managing public affairs.

       Objective  : To understand how public administration operates in practice and its importance in ensuring efficient governance.

    8.   Development Administration 

       Content  : Study of development administration, focusing on the role of the state in planning and managing socio economic development in developing countries.

       Objective  : To analyze the role of government in promoting development, and to understand the challenges of implementing development policies.

    9.   The World Since 1945   I 

       Content  : Overview of major global developments since World War II, including the Cold War, the formation of the United Nations, decolonization, and the rise of superpowers.

       Objective  : To understand the key political, economic, and social changes that shaped the modern world after 1945.

    10.   The World Since 1945   II 

       Content  : Continuation of the study of post 1945 global developments, including the end of the Cold War, the rise of globalization, and the emergence of new global challenges like terrorism and climate change.

       Objective  : To explore how the end of the Cold War and the forces of globalization transformed international relations and global politics.